Lifson, N., Gruman, L. M. and Levitt, D. G. 1968. "Diffusive-convective models for intestinal absorption of D2O." Am J Physiol 215(2): 444-54.

Levitt, D. G., Hakim, A. A. and Lifson, N. 1969. "Evaluation of components of transport of sugars by dog jejunum in vivo." Am J Physiol 217(3): 777-83.

Lifson, N., Levitt, D. G., Griffen, W. O., Jr. and Ellis, C. J. 1970. "Intrahepatic distribution of hepatic blood flow: double-input studies." Am J Physiol 218(5): 1480-8.

Levitt, D. G. 1970. Quantitation of error of the Eo method of measurement of capillary permeability for certain capillary and organ models. Capillary Permeability - Alfred Benzon Symp. II., Copenhagen, Munksgaard.

Levitt, D. G. 1970. "Evaluation of the early extraction method of determining capillary permeability by theoretical capillary and organ models." Circ Res 27(1): 81-95.

Griffen, W. O., Jr., Levitt, D. G., Ellis, C. J. and Lifson, N. 1970. "Intrahepatic distribution of hepatic blood flow: single-input studies." Am J Physiol 218(5): 1474-9.

Levitt, D. G. 1971. "Theoretical model of capillary exchange incorporating interactions between capillaries." Am J Physiol 220(1): 250-5.

Levitt, D. G. 1972. "Capillary-tissue exchange kinetics: an analysis of the Krogh cylinder model." J Theor Biol 34(1): 103-24.

Yablonski, M. E. and Levitt, D. G. 1973. "Relationship between capillary wall structure and "effective" transcapillary osmotic pressure." Microvasc Res 5(1): 97-9.

Levitt, M. D. and Levitt, D. G. 1973. "Use of inert gases to study the interaction of blood flow and diffusion during passive absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of the rat." J Clin Invest 52(8): 1852-62.

Levitt, D. G. 1973. "Dynamics of single-file pore: Non-Fickian behavior." Physical Review A 8(6): 3050-3058.

Levitt, D. G. 1973. "Kinetics of diffusion and convection in 3.2-A pores. Exact solution by computer simulation." Biophys J 13(2): 186-206.

Levitt, D. G. 1973. "One-dimensional time-dependent distributions." J. Statistical Physics 7(4): 329-336.

Subramanian, G., Levitt, D. G. and Davis, H. T. 1974. "Computer studies of the onset of Brownian motion in a hard sphere fluid." J. of Chemical Physics 60(2): 591-594.

Levitt, M. D., Bond, J. H. and Levitt, D. G. 1974. "Editorial: Does countercurrent exchange influence small-bowel function?" Am J Dig Dis 19(8): 771-4.

Levitt, D. G. and Subramanian, G. 1974. "A new theory of transport for cell membrane pores. II. Exact results and computer simulation (molecular dynamics)." Biochim Biophys Acta 373(1): 132-40.

Levitt, D. G. 1974. "A new theory of transport for cell membrane pores. I. General theory and application to red cell." Biochim Biophys Acta 373(1): 115-31.

Bond, J. H., Levitt, D. G. and Levitt, M. D. 1974. "Use of inert gases and carbon monoxide to study the possible influence of countercurrent exchange on passive absorption from the small bowel." J Clin Invest 54(6): 1259-65.

Johnson, J. A., Levitt, D. G., Wangensteen, O. D. and Bloom, G. 1975. "A distributed pore size model for capillaries." Microvasc Res 10(2): 217-9.

Subramian, G., Levitt, D. G. and David, H. T. 1975. "An exact solution of the spin-spin autocorrelation function for a one-dimensional system of hard rods." J. Math. Physics 16(2): 247-250.

Lifson, N., Little, W. S., Levitt, D. G. and Henderson, R. M. 1975. "D2 18O (deuterium oxide) method for CO2 output in small mammals and economic feasibility in man." J Appl Physiol 39(4): 657-64.

Levitt, D. G. 1975. "General continuum analysis of transport through pores. II. Nonuniform pores." Biophys J 15(6): 553-63.

Levitt, D. G. 1975. "General continuum analysis of transport through pores. I. Proof of Onsager's reciprocity postulate for uniform pore." Biophys J 15(6): 533-51.

Johnson, J. A. and Levitt, D. G. 1975. "Letter to the editor: Movement of protein across the capillary is by perfusion." Microvasc Res 9(1): 141.

Bond, J. H., Levitt, D. G. and Levitt, M. D. 1977. "Quantitation of countercurrent exchange during passive absorption from the dog small intestine: evidence for marked species differences in the efficiency of exchange." J Clin Invest 59(2): 308-18.

Huang, W. and Levitt, D. G. 1977. "Theoretical calculation of the dielectric constant of a bilayer membrane." Biophys J 17(2): 111-28.

Levitt, D. G. 1978. "Electrostatic calculations for an ion channel. I. Energy and potential profiles and interactions between ions." Biophys J 22(2): 209-19.

Levitt, D. G. 1978. "Electrostatic calculations for an ion channel. II. Kinetic behavior of the gramicidin A channel." Biophys J 22(2): 221-48.

Levitt, M. D. and Levitt, D. G. 1978. "Intrinsic hepatic clearance in cirrhosis [letter]." Gastroenterology 75(2): 346-8.

Levitt, D. G., Elias, S. R. and Hautman, J. M. 1978. "Number of water molecules coupled to the transport of sodium, potassium and hydrogen ions via gramicidin, nonactin or valinomycin." Biochim Biophys Acta 512(2): 436-51.

Levitt, D. G., Sircar, B., Lifson, N. and Lender, E. J. 1979. "Model for mucosal circulation of rabbit small intestine." Am J Physiol 237(4): E373-82.

Lifson, N., Sircar, B., Levitt, D. G. and Lender, E. J. 1979. "Heterogeneity of macroscopic and single villus blood flow in rabbit small intestine." Microvasc Res 17(2): 158-80.

Levitt, D. G. 1980. "The mechanism of the sodium pump." Biochim Biophys Acta 604(3): 321-45.

Levitt, D. G., Bond, J. H. and Levitt, M. D. 1980. "Use of a model of small bowel mucosa to predict passive absorption." Am J Physiol 239(1): G23-9.

Dani, J. A. and Levitt, D. G. 1981. "Water transport and ion-water interaction in the gramicidin channel." Biophys J 35(2): 501-8.

Levitt, D. G. 1981. Routes of membrane water transport : Comparative physiology. Water transport across epithelia, Alfred Benson Symp., Copenhagen, Munksgaard.

Dani, J. A. and Levitt, D. G. 1981. "Binding constants of Li+, K+, and Tl+ in the gramicidin channel determined from water permeability measurements." Biophys J 35(2): 485-99.

Levitt, M. D. and Levitt, D. G. 1981. Gastrointestinal gas. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. L. R. Johnson. New York, Raven Press. 2: 1301-1316.

Levitt, D. G. 1982. "Comparison of Nernst-Planck and reaction rate models for multiply occupied channels." Biophys J 37(3): 575-87.

Decker, E. R. and Levitt, D. G. 1983. "Comparison of the gramicidin A potassium/sodium permeability and single channel conductance ratio." Biochim Biophys Acta 730(1): 178-80.

Duane, W. C., Levitt, D. G., Mueller, S. M. and Behrens, J. C. 1983. "Regulation of bile acid synthesis in man. Presence of a diurnal rhythm." J Clin Invest 72(6): 1930-6.

Levitt, D. G. and Mlekoday, H. J. 1983. "Reflection coefficient and permeability of urea and ethylene glycol in the human red cell membrane." J Gen Physiol 81(2): 239-53.

Mayrand, R. R. and Levitt, D. G. 1983. "Urea and ethylene glycol-facilitated transport systems in the human red cell membrane. Saturation, competition, and asymmetry." J Gen Physiol 81(2): 221-37.

Mlekoday, H. J., Moore, R. and Levitt, D. G. 1983. "Osmotic water permeability of the human red cell. Dependence on direction of water flow and cell volume." J Gen Physiol 81(2): 213-20.

Crone, C. and Levitt, D. G. 1984. Capillary permeability to small solutes. The Microcirculation, Hanbook of Physiology. E. M. Renkin and C. C. Michel. Bethesda, American Physiological Society: 411-466.

Levitt, M. D., Aufderheide, T., Fetzer, C. A., Bond, J. H. and Levitt, D. G. 1984. "Use of carbon monoxide to measure luminal stirring in the rat gut." J Clin Invest 74(6): 2056-64.

Levitt, D. G. 1984. "Kinetics of movement in narrow channels." Current Topics in Membrane and Transport 21: 181-197.

Levitt, D. G. 1985. "Strong electrolyte continuum theory solution for equilibrium profiles, diffusion limitation, and conductance in charged ion channels." Biophys J 48(1): 19-31.

Levitt, D. G. 1986. "Interpretation of biological ion channel flux data--reaction-rate versus continuum theory." Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 15: 29-57.

Levitt, D. G. 1987. "Exact continuum solution for a channel that can be occupied by two ions." Biophys J 52(3): 455-66.

Levitt, M. D., Fetzer, C. A., Kneip, J. M., Bond, J. H. and Levitt, D. G. 1987. "Quantitative assessment of luminal stirring in the perfused small intestine of the rat." Am J Physiol 252(3 Pt 1): G325-32.

Light, D. B., Van Eenenaam, D. P., Sorenson, R. L. and Levitt, D. G. 1987. "Potassium-selective ion channels in a transformed insulin-secreting cell line." J Membr Biol 95(1): 63-72.

Levitt, D. G. and Decker, E. R. 1988. "Electrostatic radius of the gramicidin channel determined from voltage dependence of H+ ion conductance." Biophys J 53(1): 33-8.

Levitt, D. G. 1988. Solvation effect on the transport of ions across cell membranes. The Chemical Physics of Solvation. R. A. Dogonadze, E. Kalman, A. A. Kornyshev and J. Ulstrup. Amsterdam, Elsevier. C: 741-752.

Decker, E. R. and Levitt, D. G. 1988. "Use of weak acids to determine the bulk diffusion limitation of H+ ion conductance through the gramicidin channel." Biophys J 53(1): 25-32.

Anderson, B. W., Levine, A. S., Levitt, D. G., Kneip, J. M. and Levitt, M. D. 1988. "Physiological measurement of luminal stirring in perfused rat jejunum." Am J Physiol 254(6 Pt 1): G843-8.

Levitt, M. D., Kneip, J. M. and Levitt, D. G. 1988. "Use of laminar flow and unstirred layer models to predict intestinal absorption in the rat." J Clin Invest 81(5): 1365-9.

Levitt, D. G. 1989. "Continuum model of voltage-dependent gating. Macroscopic conductance, gating current, and single-channel behavior." Biophys J 55(3): 489-98.

Levitt, M. D., Furne, J. K., Strocchi, A., Anderson, B. W. and Levitt, D. G. 1990. "Physiological measurements of luminal stirring in the dog and human small bowel." J Clin Invest 86(5): 1540-7.

Dani, J. A. and Levitt, D. G. 1990. "Diffusion and kinetic approaches to describe permeation in ionic channels." J Theor Biol 146(3): 289-301.

Jossart, G. H., Erdmann, G. R., Levitt, D. G., Kucera, P., Le, C. T., Juhn, S. K., Giebink, G. S. and Canafax, D. M. 1990. "An experimental model for measuring middle ear antimicrobial drug penetration in otitis media." Pharm Res 7(12): 1242-7.

Levitt, D. G. 1990. "Streaming potential: Continuum expression applicable to very small nonuniform channels." J. Chem. Phys. 92(11): 6953-6957.

Levitt, D. G. 1990. "Gramcidin, VDAC, porin and perforin channels." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2: 689-694.

Hall, M. D., Levitt, D. G., McAllister-Henn, L. and Banaszak, L. J. 1991. "Purification and crystallization of recombinant Escherichia coli malate dehydrogenase." J Mol Biol 220(3): 551-3.

Levitt, D. G. 1991. "General continuum theory for multiion channel. II. Application to acetylcholine channel." Biophys J 59(2): 278-88.

Levitt, D. G. 1991. "General continuum theory for multiion channel. I. Theory." Biophys J 59(2): 271-7.

Levitt, M. D., Furne, J. K. and Levitt, D. G. 1992. "Shaking of the intact rat and intestinal angulation diminish the jejunal unstirred layer." Gastroenterology 103(5): 1460-6.

Mickus, D. E., Levitt, D. G. and Rychnovsky, S. D. 1992. "Enantiomeric cholesterol as a probe of channel structure." J. Amer. Chem. Soc 114: 359-360.

Levitt, D. G. and Banaszak, L. J. 1992. "POCKET: a computer graphics method for identifying and displaying protein cavities and their surrounding amino acids." J Mol Graph 10(4): 229-34.

Levitt, M. D., Strocchi, A. and Levitt, D. G. 1992. "Human jejunal unstirred layer: evidence for extremely efficient luminal stirring." Am J Physiol 262(3 Pt 1): G593-6.

Hall, M. D., Levitt, D. G. and Banaszak, L. J. 1992. "Crystal structure of Escherichia coli malate dehydrogenase. A complex of the apoenzyme and citrate at 1.87 A resolution." J Mol Biol 226(3): 867-82.

Levitt, D. G. and Banaszak, L. J. 1993. "A new routien for thinning, editing and fitting MIR maps using real-space molecular dynamics." J. Appl. Cryst. 26: 736-745.

Weaver, T. M., Levitt, D. G. and Banaszak, L. J. 1993. "Purification and crystallization of fumarase C from Escherichia coli." J Mol Biol 231(1): 141-4.

Levitt, M. D., Ellis, C. and Levitt, D. G. 1994. "Diurnal rhythm of heme turnover assessed by breath carbon monoxide concentration measurements." J Lab Clin Med 124(3): 427-31.

Levitt, M. D. and Levitt, D. G. 1994. "The critical role of the rate of ethanol absorption in the interpretation of studies purporting to demonstrate gastric metabolism of ethanol." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269(1): 297-304.

Levitt, M. D., Levitt, D. G., Furne, J. and DeMaster, E. G. 1994. "Can the liver account for first-pass metabolism of ethanol in the rat?" Am J Physiol 267(3 Pt 1): G452-7.

Shoulders, C. C., Narcisi, T. M., Read, J., Chester, A., Brett, D. J., Scott, J., Anderson, T. A., Levitt, D. G. and Banaszak, L. J. 1994. "The abetalipoproteinemia gene is a member of the vitellogenin family and encodes an alpha-helical domain [letter]." Nat Struct Biol 1(5): 285-6.

Weaver, T. M., Levitt, D. G., Donnelly, M. I., Stevens, P. P. and Banaszak, L. J. 1995. "The multisubunit active site of fumarase C from Escherichia coli." Nat Struct Biol 2(8): 654-62.

Lii, T., Lee, H. C., Gleason, F. K. and Levitt, D. G. 1996. "Characterization of a large conductance, cation-selective channel from sea urchin eggs that is sensitive to sulfhydryl reducing agents." J Membr Biol 150(1): 27-35.

Prasad, G. S., McRee, D. E., Stura, E. A., Levitt, D. G., Lee, H. C. and Stout, C. D. 1996. "Crystal structure of Aplysia ADP ribosyl cyclase, a homologue of the bifunctional ectozyme CD38." Nat Struct Biol 3(11): 957-64.

Levitt, M. D., Fine, C., Furne, J. K. and Levitt, D. G. 1996. "Use of maltose hydrolysis measurements to characterize the interaction between the aqueous diffusion barrier and the epithelium in the rat jejunum." J Clin Invest 97(10): 2308-15.

Pradas, G. S., Levitt, D. G., Lee, H. C. and Stout, C. D. 1996. "Crystallization of ADP-ribosyl cyclase from Aplysia californica." Proteins 24(1): 138-40.

Lee, Y. H., Ogata, C., Pflugrath, J. W., Levitt, D. G., Sarma, R., Banaszak, L. J. and Pilkis, S. J. 1996. "Crystal structure of the rat liver fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase based on selenomethionine multiwavelength anomalous dispersion phases." Biochemistry 35(19): 6010-9.

Lee, Y. H., Olson, T. W., Ogata, C. M., Levitt, D. G., Banaszak, L. J. and Lange, A. J. 1997. "Crystal structure of a trapped phosphoenzyme during a catalytic reaction [letter]." Nat Struct Biol 4(8): 615-8.

Levitt, M. D., Li, R., DeMaster, E. G., Elson, M., Furne, J. and Levitt, D. G. 1997. "Use of measurements of ethanol absorption from stomach and intestine to assess human ethanol metabolism." Am J Physiol 273(4 Pt 1): G951-7.

Anderson, T. A., Levitt, D. G. and Banaszak, L. J. 1998. "The structural basis of lipid interactions in lipovitellin, a soluble lipoprotein." Structure 6(7): 895-909.

Levitt, M. D. and Levitt, D. G. 1998. "Use of a two-compartment model to assess the pharmacokinetics of human ethanol metabolism." Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22(8): 1680-8.

Mann, C. J., Anderson, T. A., Read, J., Chester, S. A., Harrison, G. B., Kochl, S., Ritchie, P. J., Bradbury, P., Hussain, F. S., Amey, J., Vanloo, B., Rosseneu, M., Infante, R., Hancock, J. M., Levitt, D. G., Banaszak, L. J., Scott, J. and Shoulders, C. C. 1999. "The structure of vitellogenin provides a molecular model for the assembly and secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins." J Mol Biol 285(1): 391-408.

Levitt, D. G. 1999. "Modeling of ion channels." J Gen Physiol 113(6): 789-94.

Bradbury, P., Mann, C. J., Kochl, S., Anderson, T. A., Chester, S. A., Hancock, J. M., Ritchie, P. J., Amey, J., Harrison, G. B., Levitt, D. G., Banaszak, L. J., Scott, J. and Shoulders, C. C. 1999. "A common binding site on the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein for apolipoprotein B and protein disulfide isomerase." J Biol Chem 274(5): 3159-64.

Mitchell DT, Levitt DG, Schlievert PM, Ohlendorf DH 2000: Structural evidence for the evolution of pyrogenic toxin superantigens. J Mol Evol; 51(6):520-31.

Levitt, M. D., and D. G. Levitt. 2000. Use of a two-compartment model to predict ethanol metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 24:409-10.

Read J, Anderson TA, Ritchie PJ, Vanloo B, Amey J, Levitt D, Rosseneu M, Scott J, Shoulders CC 2000: A mechanism of membrane neutral lipid acquisition by the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. J Biol Chem; 275(39):30372-7

Munshi C, Aarhus R, Graeff R, Walseth TF, Levitt D, Lee HC 2000: Identification of the enzymatic active site of CD38 by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem; 275(28):21566-71.

Levitt, M. D. and D. G. Levitt 2000. "Appropriate use and misuse of blood concentration measurements to quantitate first-pass metabolism." J Lab Clin Med 136(4): 275-80

Levitt, D. G. 2001. "A new software routine that automates the fitting of protein X-ray crystallographic electron-density maps." Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 57(Pt 7): 1013-9.

Furne J, Majerus G, Lenton P, Springfield J, Levitt DG, Levitt MD. Comparison of volatile sulfur compound concentrations measured with a sulfide

detector vs. gas chromatography. J Dent Res. 2002 Feb;81(2):140-3.

Levitt DG. PKQUEST: Capillary Permeability Limitation and Plasma Protein Binding -

Application to Human Inulin, Dicloxacillin and Ceftriaxone Pharmacokinetics. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Sep 26

Levitt DG. PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to enflurane, nitrous oxide, halothane,

methoxyflurane and toluene pharmacokinetics.BMC Anesthesiol. 2002 Aug 15;2(1):5.

Levitt DG. PKQuest: measurement of intestinal absorption and first pass metabolism -

application to human ethanol pharmacokinetics.BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Aug 15;2(1):4.

Levitt DG. PKQuest: a general physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Introduction and application to propranolol. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Aug 15;2(1):5.

Levitt, DG. The Use of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Evaluate Deconvolution Measurements of Systemic Absorption. BMC Clin Pharmacol. Submitted.

Dr. David Levitt can be reached at: levitt@dccc.med.umn.edu